In the United States, biodiesel is primarily made from soybeans. It's typically sold in blends using 2 to 5 percent biodiesel (the remaining 98 to 95 percent is traditional petroleum-based diesel). These blends are called B2 or B5.
Most diesel vehicles can use B2 or B5. Diesel vehicles have been successfully operated on B20 and B100, but this is not recommended unless the vehicle's fuel system has been modified and the fuel quality controlled.
Biodiesel can also be made from waste cooking oils and animal fats, but the resulting fuel is problematic due to the wide variation in properties from these waste streams.
The use of biodiesel has several benefits:
When comparing fuel properties, biodiesel presents some significant challenges that must be overcome before it can be widely used at high concentrations:
To allow for more extensive use of biodiesel, we're working with other manufacturers and fuel providers to address concerns related to use of higher biodiesel concentrations and establish national and international specifications for biodiesel quality.
When biodiesel fuel quality can be controlled, we expect that controlled fleet operations will be able to switch to next-generation biodiesel-capable vehicles.
We're conducting research with Michigan State University to discover potential fuel-processing steps to improve the properties of biodiesel. If successful, this research will open the door to more extensive use of biodiesel.
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